Everything about Algonquian Languages totally explained
The
Algonquian (also Algonquin, Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of
Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the
Algic language family (the two Algic languages that are not Algonquian are
Wiyot and
Yurok of northwestern
California). The language family was named for the
Algonquin language, from which it should be carefully distinguished. The term "Algonquin" derives from the
Maliseet word
elakómkwik, "they are our relatives/allies". Many Algonquian languages are extremely endangered today, while a number of others have already died out completely.
Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of
North America all the way to the
Rocky Mountains. The
proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend,
Proto-Algonquian, was spoken at least 3,000 years ago, though there's still no scholarly consensus as to where this language was spoken. For information on the peoples speaking Algonquian languages, see
Algonquian peoples.
Family division
This large family of about 27 languages are generally divided roughly into three major groupings —
Central,
Plains, and
Eastern Algonquian, primarily out of convenience. Only Eastern Algonquian constitutes a true genetic subgroup. The languages are listed below (dialects and subdialects are listed on the
Central Algonquian,
Plains Algonquian, and
Eastern Algonquian pages). This classification follows Goddard (1996) and Mithun (1999).
A.
Central and Plains » 1.
Blackfoot
2.
Arapaho (also known as Arapaho-Atsina)
» 3.
Cheyenne
4.
Cree-Montagnais » 5.
Menominee (also known as Menomini)
I. Eastern Great Lakes (also known as Core Central)
» : a. Ojibwe-Potawatomi (also known as Ojibwe-Potawatomi-Ottawa, Anishinaabemowin, or the Anishinaabe language)
:: 6.
Anishinaabemowin (also known as Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Ojibway, or the Anishinaabe language)
» :: 7.
Potawatomi
: 8.
Fox (also known as Fox-Sauk-Kickapoo or Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo)
» : 9.
Shawnee
: 10.
Miami-Illinois
B.
Eastern » 11.
Mi'kmaq (also known as Micmac, Míkmaq, Mi'gmaq, or Mi'kmaw)
I.
Abenakian » : 12.
Eastern Abenaki (also known as Abenaki or Abenaki-Penobscot)
: 13.
Western Abenaki (also known as Abnaki, St. Francis, Abenaki, or Abenaki-Penobscot)
» : 14.
Maliseet (also known as Maliseet-Passamquoddy or Malecite-Passamquoddy)
15.
Etchemin (uncertain - See Note 1) » II. Southern New England
: 16.
Massachusett (also known as Massachusett-Narragansett)
» : 17.
Loup A (probably Nipmuck) (uncertain - See Note 1)
: 18.
Loup B (uncertain - See Note 1) » : 19.
Mohegan-Pequot
: 20.
Quiripi-Naugatuck-Unquachog (also known as Quiripi-Unquachog)
» III. Delawarean
: 21.
Mahican (also known as Mohican)
» : i.
Lenape (also known as Delaware)
:: 22.
Munsee » :: 23.
Unami
24.
Nanticoke » 25.
Piscataway (also known as Conoy)
26.
Carolina Algonquian (also known as Pamlico, Pamtico, Pampticough, Christianna Algonquian)
» 27.
Powhatan (also known as Virginia Algonquian)
28.
Shinnecock (uncertain)
==
Further Information
Get more info on 'Algonquian Languages'.
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